• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a spokes and hubless wheel (52), in the interior of which at least one electrically driven propeller (44) is integrated, wherein this integration takes place in such a way that the dangers associated with the propeller rotation are minimized. The wheel (52) can be designed to be driven electrically or mechanically brakable, both together, and neither electrically driven, nor mechanically braked. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of such spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driven propellers in connection with manned and unmanned objects, by which of them for driving the propeller (44) - and optionally also the wheel (52) - Energy and control provided via a supply line (54) can travel in particular - but not exclusively - equally on land and in the air.
    公开号:AT520463A1
    申请号:T601022017
    申请日:2017-09-28
    公开日:2019-04-15
    发明作者:Werner Dipl Ing Holzer
    申请人:Werner Dipl Ing Holzer；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Summary
    The invention relates to a spoke and hubless wheel (52), in the interior of which at least one electrically drivable propeller (44) is integrated, this integration taking place in such a way that the risks associated with the propeller rotation are kept as low as possible.
    The wheel (52) can be designed to be electrically drivable or mechanically brakable, both together, and neither electrically drivable nor mechanically brakable.
    Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of such a spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrically drivable propellers in connection with manned and unmanned objects, which are characterized by them for driving the propellers (44) - and possibly also the wheel (52) - can move energy and control made available via a supply line (54) in particular - but not exclusively - equally on land and in the air Fig.
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    Spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driven propellers
    Technical field
    The invention relates to a spoke and hubless wheel, in the interior of which at least one electrically drivable propeller is integrated, and to its use for manned and unmanned vehicles, in particular, but not exclusively, on land and in the air.
    State of the art
    In recent years, there has been an ever-increasing development both in the field of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs or drones), with this development in the military, commercial (e.g. for the transport of small loads) and also in Leisure time (e.g. as a toy) took place, as well as in the area of manned personal aircraft (Personal Aerial Vehicles, short PAVs), such as by the desire to create flying taxis or to avoid traffic jams.
    Such PAVs and UAVs are currently driven almost exclusively by propellers, which, when rotated, generate the lift necessary for flight capability, although this must be large enough for PAVs due to the mass to be transported (at least one person) in order to actually be able to fly ,
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    Due to an effort to keep the drive power of these vehicles as low as possible for reasons of energy efficiency, it is purely physically necessary for the lift either to generate an air flow with a relatively large cross section, but this requires a correspondingly large propeller area, which can be designed as a single propeller (as eg with WO2013070061), or can be spread over a larger number of smaller propellers (such as with AU2012283923 or WO2013124300), or to install wings that provide additional lift.
    The latter measure, however, complicates the use of such PAVs due to the resulting need for suitable runways (as required, for example, in WO2012012752 or WO2016057004) and by the former measure such PAVs are significantly larger than personal land vehicles in at least one spatial dimension, especially automobiles ( see for example DE102015207445 or WO2017133302). Due to this size, PAVs are not or only very poorly compatible with the traffic infrastructure already available for land vehicles (e.g. road widths, parking lot sizes and garage entrance heights), i.e. Such PAVs would require the use of additional infrastructure (e.g. from airports) and / or the existing land vehicle infrastructure would have to be converted appropriately and / or entirely new infrastructure would have to be created.
    However, all of these possibilities counteract the acceptance of such vehicles.
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    To increase the acceptance of PAVs, it would be advantageous if only the infrastructure for land vehicles that already existed worldwide was sufficient for their use. At least in order to be able to take off and land there with PAVs, to be able to park them there and to be able to supply them with the energy consumed during operation.
    In order to be able to use the existing land vehicle infrastructure sufficiently, it would be necessary that the dimensions of the PAVs essentially correspond to the dimensions of currently common land vehicles - especially automobiles - and therefore have a drive, the performance of which is a correspondingly small size of these PAVs allows.
    It would also be advantageous if PAVs could also move on land. Ideally, to the extent that is currently also available for conventional land vehicles - especially automobiles.
    This possibility of movement requires a suitable land drive, which could be realized by wheels.
    Corresponding vehicles are already in development (see the patents WH-P1 / 2017 and WH-P2 / 2017, presented by the same inventor as the present patent specification and filed on June 22, 2017 with the entry numbers A60058 / 2017 and A60059 / 2017). , however, would be particularly advantageous if additional lift could be generated by the attached wheels.
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    This is achieved with the invention of a spoke and hubless wheel (known in principle, for example, from US19660596149), into which at least one electrically drivable propeller is integrated, in the sense of the two aforementioned patents WH-P1 / 2017 and WH-P2 / 2017 this integration takes place in such a way that the dangers posed by the propeller rotation are kept as low as possible. This applies in particular to the risk of injuries and damage to living beings and objects that are in the immediate vicinity of the propellers, as well as the risk of damage to the propellers themselves, especially from living beings flying around (e.g. birds).
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    Object of the invention
    It is an object of the invention to provide as safe a way as possible for its immediate surroundings, to be able to realize manned and unmanned vehicles which can move - in particular, but not exclusively - on land and in the air and which, owing to their size, match the one already present Infrastructure for land vehicles are compatible.
    This is achieved by creating a spoke and hubless wheel, in the interior of which at least one propeller is integrated, the propellers lying within the wheel in such a way that they are completely surrounded radially around the wheel axis of rotation.
    In terms of sustainability, the invention should also be designed in such a way that it is as independent as possible of future developments in the field of energy supply.
    This is achieved in that the propellers included in the presented invention, as well as the wheels, if they are designed in a drivable form, are electrically drivable and the invention therefore with practically any primary energy source (for example fossil fuels, solar energy, hydrogen or rechargeable batteries / batteries / capacitors ) - if necessary with the inclusion of a suitable energy converter (e.g. internal combustion engine with generator, solar cell or fuel cell) - can be used.
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    Description of the invention
    Preliminary remarks
    Before going into the detailed description of the claimed invention, it should be noted that all necessary components should always be designed so stable that the purpose according to the invention of the component in question as well as its interaction with other required components can be guaranteed.
    It should also be mentioned that an external object means anything that is not the claimed invention.
    The invention described here of a spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrically drivable propellers can in principle be implemented in numerous technical variants. This is due to factors such as the desired propeller output, the size to be achieved and whether the wheel should only be able to run or be driven and / or braked.
    Furthermore, the specific shape is influenced at least by fluidic optimization and also requirements for e.g. Vibration insulation, noise emissions and special propeller protection measures may require changes in the concrete structure of the invention.
    To take this into account, it should therefore be mentioned in particular that, in full fulfillment of the character of the claimed invention / 55
    WH-P3 / 2017, several electrically drivable propellers can also be integrated in a spoke and hubless wheel, whereby they can o be axially offset on the same propeller axis of rotation, o can have different shapes and / or sizes (e.g. width, rotor blade pitch) and each have a different number of rotor blades, o can be rotated independently of one another, in particular thus in different directions and / or at different speeds (for example to compensate for the rotational torque), the propellers can be driven on the circumference (as shown in the further course of the present patent specification), or on the hub (as shown in principle in the already mentioned patent specifications WH-P1 / 2017 and WH-P2 / 2017), or both, propellers shown as single-row with rotor blades can also be equipped with multiple rows, the number and shape of the rotor blades depending on Rotor blade row can be different (for example, to realize compression), ie e Wheel axis of rotation does not have to be parallel to a propeller axis of rotation, nor does it have to intersect, in particular, therefore, no propeller axis of rotation has to be congruent with the wheel axis of rotation, a spoke and hubless wheel consisting of several tires lying on the same wheel axis of rotation and / or spoke and hubless rims can exist (e.g. Twin rims or tires), / 55
    WH-P3 / 2017 • a strut ring o can consist of any number of arbitrarily shaped struts, o does not have to be rotationally symmetrical (for example, vertical struts can be made more stable than, for example, horizontal ones), • bearings shown as roller bearings can also be designed as other types of bearings can be, such as Plain bearings or magnetic bearings, • can also be designed as coreless without an electromagnetic core, • components with a radial magnetic direction can also be designed with other magnetic directions, e.g. axially.
    Taking this into account, in the following detailed explanation, in which reference is also made to the following figures, only one specific implementation variant is presented by way of example and in a simplified manner, but three different versions of the spoke and hubless wheel are discussed. It should also be mentioned that the simplified representation means that various components, which can actually be made up of several physical parts, can also be represented as individual components, provided that these parts are permanently connected (ie separation by hand is not possible) to form the component shown are and is still adequately explained by the simplified representation of the structure of the invention.
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    In addition, it should also be mentioned that for the sake of clarity also on the representation of seals any
    Was kind of waived.
    All in all, it should be noted that the description and the figures reflect the character of the invention, but do not restrict it, nor do they finally reflect it.
    Brief description of the figures
    It shows
    Fig. 1.1 to Fig. 1.2 representations of various components of a propeller electrically driven on the circumference. It shows
    1.1 is an exploded view of a propeller that can be driven electrically on the circumference
    1.2 shows an exploded view of an electric motor drive of a propeller that can be driven electrically on the circumference
    Fig. 2.1.1 to Fig. 2.1.2 representations of various components of a spoke and hubless electrically drivable rim. It shows
    Fig. 2.1.1 an exploded view of a spoke and hubless electrically drivable rim
    2.1.2 is an exploded view of an electric motor drive of a spoke and hubless electrically drivable rim / 55
    WH-P3 / 2017
    Fig. 2.2.1 to Fig. 2.2.2 representations of various components of a spoke and hubless mechanically braked rim. It shows
    Fig. 2.2.1 is a representation of a spoke and hub-less mechanically braked rim
    Fig. 2.2.2 is an exploded view of a
    Braking device of a spoke and hubless mechanically braked rim
    Fig. 3.1 to Fig. 3.2 representations of various
    Components for driving a spoke and hubless electrically drivable rim, for braking a spoke and hubless mechanically brakable rim and for driving a propeller that is electrically drivable on the circumference. 3.1 shows an exploded view of a
    Combination of an electromotive drive, shown assembled, of a spoke and hubless electrically drivable rim and an electromotive drive, shown assembled, of a propeller electrically drivable on the circumference
    3.2 is an exploded view of a
    Combination of an assembled brake device of a spoke and hubless mechanically brakeable rim and an assembled electric motor drive / 55
    WH-P3 / 2017 of a propeller that can be driven electrically on the circumference
    Fig. 4 is an exploded view of a - partially assembled shown - spoke and hubless electrically drivable wheel with an integrated - assembled assembled - electrically driven propeller on the circumference, the electromotive drives of these components being shown assembled
    Fig. 5 shows an assembly of a spoke and hubless wheel with an integrated electrically driven propeller
    Fig.6.1 to Fig.6.8 each show different states of a possible personal vehicle, which by using spoke and hubless wheels with integrated electrically drivable propellers, for which the vehicle provides the energy and control required to drive them, both on land and in the air is independently maneuverable and is also compatible with the existing infrastructure for land vehicles. 6.1 shows the passenger vehicle in a forward or reverse driving or forward or reverse driving ready state
    6.2 the passenger vehicle in a cornering or ready for cornering state
    Fig. 6.3 the passenger vehicle in a diagonally or diagonally ready state / 55
    WH-P3 / 2017
    6.4 the passenger vehicle in rotation at the stand or in readiness for rotation at the stand
    Fig. 6.5 the passenger vehicle in a transverse or ready to drive state
    Fig. 6.6 the passenger vehicle in the transition from driving to ready to fly and vice versa
    6.7 the passenger vehicle with propeller position optimized for vertical flight in the flying or ready-to-fly state
    6.8 the passenger vehicle with propeller position optimized for horizontal flight in the main flight direction in the flying or ready-to-fly state
    7.1 to 7.2 each show exemplary, schematic representations of possible positions of the electrically drivable propellers in relation to the outer contour of the spoke and hubless wheel and of the stator. It shows
    7.1 each show exemplary, schematic representations of the positions of the electrically drivable propellers in relation to the outer contour of the spoke and hubless wheel and of the stator, which correspond to the claim of the invention
    7.2 each show exemplary, schematic representations of the positions of the electrically drivable propellers in relation to the outer contour of the spoke and hubless wheel and of the stator / 55, which do not correspond to the claim of the invention
    WH-P3 / 2017
    Detailed description of the figures
    Figures 1.1 to 1.2 each show representations of various components of a propeller that can be driven electrically on the circumference.
    FIG. 1.1 shows an exploded view of a propeller that can be driven electrically on the circumference. This propeller consists of bearings 1 which are mounted on an axis 2 and between which there is also a spacer sleeve 3. Furthermore, the propeller consists of a rotor 4 consisting of a number of encased rotor blades and a number of permanent magnets 5 attached to this rotor 4 (shown with alternating pole alignment, but also possible, for example, in a Halbach arrangement). These are still surrounded by a casing 6, which in turn is fixed by means of a ring 8 fastened to the rotor 4 with screws 7. The rotor 4 is fixed by means of screws 9 between the bearing shells 10, these bearing shells 10 also being seated on the rotatable outer rings of the bearings 1. The hub of the rotor 4 is also seated on these outer rings and can therefore be rotated radially with respect to the axis 2. For later axial positioning of the propeller, a spacer ring 11 is pushed onto the axis 2.
    FIG. 1.2 shows an exploded view of an electric motor drive of a propeller that can be driven electrically on the circumference. This drive consists of a ring with a number of components with electromagnetic effect 12, represented as coils, a retaining ring 13, an inner casing 14, a / 55
    WH-P3 / 2017
    Side ring 15 and screws 16, by means of which this
    Components are connected.
    Figures 2.1.1 to 2.1.2 each show representations of various components of a spoke and hubless electrically drivable rim.
    Figure 2.1.1 shows an exploded view of a spoke and hubless electrically drivable rim. This rim consists of a magnetic retaining ring 17 and a number of permanent magnets 18 (shown with alternating pole alignment, but also possible in a Halbach arrangement, for example). These are still surrounded by a casing 19 and finally all three components are introduced into the rim casing 20 and subsequently fixed there.
    Figure 2.1.2 shows an exploded view of an electric motor drive of a spoke and hubless electrically drivable rim. This drive consists of a ring with a number of components with electromagnetic effect 21, shown as coils, a retaining ring 22, a casing 23, a side ring 24 and screws 25, by means of which these components are connected.
    Figures 2.2.1 to 2.2.2 each show representations of various components of a spoke and hubless mechanically braked rim.
    Figure 2.2.1 shows a representation of a spoke and hubless mechanically braked rim. This rim contains an inwardly directed annular extension on the end faces of which there are friction surfaces 26.
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    Figure 2.2.2 shows an exploded view of a braking device of a spoke and hubless mechanically braked rim. This braking device consists of a number of components with braking action 27, shown as brake calipers with brake pads, and a retaining ring 28, which is connected by means of screws 29 and guide pins 30 to a side ring 31. The braking components 27 are applied to the guide pins 30 so that they remain axially movable.
    Figures 3.1 to 3.2 each show representations of various components for driving a spoke and hubless electrically drivable rim, for braking a spoke and hubless mechanically brakable rim and for driving a propeller that can be driven electrically on the circumference.
    FIG. 3.1 shows an exploded view of a combination of an assembled electric motor drive of a spoke and hubless electrically drivable rim and an assembled electric motor drive of a propeller that can be driven electrically on the circumference. Shown here is the propeller coil ring 32 already shown in FIG. 1.2, but shown here in the assembled state, which is fastened to a spacer ring 34 by means of screws 33, and the wheel coil ring 35 already shown in FIG. 2.1.2, but also shown here in the assembled state, which is also fastened to the spacer ring 34 by means of screws 36.
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    FIG. 3.2 shows an exploded view of a combination of a brake device (shown assembled) of a spoke and hubless mechanically brakable rim and an assembled electric motor drive of a propeller that can be driven electrically on the circumference. The propeller coil ring 32 is shown here again, but this time is fastened by means of screws 33 to the brake caliper ring 37 already shown in FIG. 2.2.2, but shown here in the assembled state.
    Figure 4 shows an exploded view of a partially assembled - spoke and hubless electrically drivable wheel with an integrated - assembled - shown on the circumference electrically drivable propeller, the electromotive drives of these components being shown assembled.
    The wheel shown consists of the spoke and hubless electrically drivable rim 38 presented in FIG. 2.1.1, but shown here in the assembled state, as well as bearings 41 attached to it by means of bearing rings 40 with screws 39, the outer rings of the bearings 41 being attached by this attachment be fixed against the rim 38 and this can now be rotated against the inner rings of the bearings 41. In addition, the wheel also consists of a tire 42 (shown as tubeless - with air inlet through the tread but also possible with tubing or airless), which is pulled over the rim 38. In this wheel, the one presented in Figure 3.1 - but here in assembled / 55
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    State shown - inserted electromotive drive component 43 and in this in turn the already presented in Figure 1.1 - but also shown here in the assembled state - electrically driven propeller 44. By means of strut rings 45 and 46, which are then also pushed into the electromotive drive component 43 and by means of Screws 47 are fastened to this and in their hubs receive the propeller 44 (on its axis 2), which in turn is fixed there by means of shaft nuts 48, the position of the propeller 44 relative to the electromotive drive component 43 is fixed such that it is located radially in the center its - and axially (with its permanent magnets 5) in congruent position with its - drive unit (the propeller coil ring 32 as part of the electromotive drive component 43) and can rotate there unhindered. Through the strut rings 45 and 46, the inner rings of the bearings 41 are simultaneously fixed in such a way that the rim 38 is located radially around its - and axially (with its permanent magnets 18) in a congruent position with its - drive unit (the wheel coil ring 35 as part of the electromotive drive component 43) is located and can rotate freely there. The shaft nuts 48 are also covered with caps 49 and holding devices 51 are fastened to the bracing rings 45 and 46 with screws 50, which are shown here as simple rings. These holding devices 51 serve to connect / 55
    WH-P3 / 2017 between the spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrically drivable propellers and an external object (e.g. a combined aircraft and land vehicle to be driven) as well as the necessary for driving the spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrically drivable propellers to pass electrical energy and control from this external object via a suitable supply line into the electromotive drive component 43. The holding devices 51 are therefore to be designed in a form suitable for the respective use, depending on the specific intended use of the invention, such as e.g. in that shown in Figures 6.1 to 6.8 later. Note: The struts of the strut rings 45 and 46 not only serve to fix the position of the propellers 44 in relation to the wheel, but also among other things to protect the environment from the propeller 44 and to protect the propeller 44 from the environment.
    Depending on the actual need for protection (this depends in particular on the specific application), the shape and number of these struts can therefore be configured differently than shown here. In addition, analogous to the already mentioned patents WH-P1 / 2017 and WH-P2 / 2017, suitable protective devices (e.g. grilles) can also be attached axially to the axis of rotation of the propellers 44. In addition to the struts of the strut rings 45 and 46, all parts which also lie radially around the wheel axis of rotation and also / 55 serve at the same time
    WH-P3 / 2017 are around the propeller 44 (the electromotive drive component 43, the rim 38 and the tire 42), the protection mentioned above. In this case, in contrast to the illustration given here, this protection would also be provided in other positions of the propeller 44 in relation to the components surrounding it, such as e.g. if the propeller axis of rotation were slightly inclined to the wheel axis of rotation, but only to the extent that the propeller would still be completely surrounded by other components. With the present patent specification all those layers of the propeller 44 are to be claimed which offer the protection mentioned. Layers that do not offer this protection, in which the propeller is not completely surrounded radially around the wheel axis of rotation, however, should not be claimed by the present patent specification. For a more detailed explanation of the claimed and the non-claimed positions of the propellers 44 in relation to the wheel, see also FIGS. 7.1 to 7.2 and the associated explanations.
    FIG. 5 shows an assembly of a spoke and hubless wheel with an integrated electrically drivable propeller.
    Shown here - but now in the assembled state - is the propeller 44, which is already shown in FIG. 1.1 and can be driven electrically on the circumference, as well as a spoke and hubless wheel 52 and a stator 53, which suitably accommodates both components. By suitably controlled supply of electrical energy (e.g. according to the principle of a so-called brushless / 55
    WH-P3 / 2017
    DC motor) by means of a supply line 54 to the stator 53 - specifically to the propeller coil ring 32 (as part of the electromotive drive component 43) via the path through the holding device 51 and the strut ring 45 - a rotation of the propeller 44 is caused inside the wheel 52, it takes place so its drive. The wheel 52 and the stator 53 shown can be constructed as shown in FIG. 4. The wheel 52 can thus consist of the components 38 to 42 shown there and the stator 53 can consist of the remaining components, apart from the propeller 44, i.e. from components 43 and 45 to 51. With this construction, the wheel 52 is in principle electrically drivable and, as with the propeller 44, is driven by suitably controlled supply of electrical energy (for example also according to the principle of a so-called brushless DC motor) via a Supply line, this time with a course to the wheel coil ring 35 (as part of the electromotive drive component 43), • be constructed as shown in FIG. 4, but in the wheel 52 the spoke and hubless electrically drivable rim 38 spokes through that presented in FIG. 2.2.1 and hubless mechanically braked rim is replaced and in the stator 53 the electromotive drive component 43 is replaced by the combination of a drive component and a braking device shown in FIG. 3.2.
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    With this construction, the wheel 52 can in principle be braked mechanically (like a disc brake) and, with a suitably controlled supply of brake signals (depending on the specific construction of the components with a braking effect 27 - as part of the brake caliper ring 37 - for example, electrically or hydraulically) via a corresponding supply line , with the course to the brake caliper ring 37, the components with a braking effect 27 act on the friction surfaces 26, as a result of which the wheel 52 is braked. The material abrasion resulting from the friction can escape to the surroundings through recesses on the retaining ring 28 - as part of the brake caliper ring 37. Note: In the electrically drivable variant discussed in the first point, the wheel 52 can also be braked by switching over to generator operation (recuperation). The purpose of the mechanically brakable variant just described is to be able to be braked independently of a drive, e.g. to implement a brakeable trailer, to implement a parking brake and, with a suitable combination, also to implement an electrically drivable wheel with a mechanical auxiliary brake, e.g. to increase the braking effect, be constructed so that they contain neither drive nor braking devices, so these devices in FIG. 4 are replaced by simple placeholders that only serve to improve stability.
    As a result of this construction, the wheel 52 runs purely along, that is to say neither can be driven nor braked.
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    Note: Apart from the electrical supply via the supply line 54, electrical energy can also come directly from the spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrically drivable propellers. This is because there may also be smaller energy sources (e.g. batteries and / or capacitors) in suitable cavities of the stator 53. As a result, the propeller 44 - and possibly also the wheel 52 - can also be driven without the supply of energy from an external object, even if only for a relatively short duration.
    Figures 6.1 to 6.8 each show different states of a possible personal vehicle, which by using spoke and hubless wheels with integrated electrically drivable propellers, for which the vehicle provides the energy and control required to drive them, both on land and in the Air is independently manoeuvrable and is also compatible with the existing infrastructure for land vehicles. The energy provided by the passenger vehicle for driving the spoke and hubless wheels with integrated electrically drivable propellers must be in electrical form and in principle, therefore, all technically available ways of providing electrical energy are possible, in particular by means of rechargeable batteries, batteries and / or capacitors and by energy conversion by means of a fuel cell made of hydrogen, or by means of an internal combustion engine and generator made of other chemical fuels (petrol and the like). The design of the primary energy source is / 55
    WH-P3 / 2017 depends on numerous factors - such as the required performance of the overall system or the desired, possible flight duration - and it must therefore be determined depending on the actual purpose. The spoke and hubless wheel with integrated, electrically drivable propellers is attached to the passenger vehicle via two rotating connections 56 and 58, each guided via a rotating arm 55. The first rotating connection 56 is located between the holding device 57 of the spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrical drivable propellers which, in contrast to the holding device 51 shown in FIG. 4, are no longer simply ring-shaped - and the rotating arm 55. This rotating connection 56 serves essentially to tilt the electrically drivable propeller 44 during flight operation and to steer the spoke and hubless ones Wheel 52 in driving operation, in the latter case thus fulfills the function such as a steering head on standard two-wheelers. In contrast to conventional two-wheelers, the steering force is not generated by the muscle power of the vehicle driver - as a general description of a person who drives an arbitrary vehicle, i.e. a driver in land vehicles and a pilot in aircraft, and based on the standard in seafaring Description ship's captain - but via a suitable electromotive rotating device, such as is widespread in industrial robots (e.g. by means of servo motors and planetary, worm, tension shaft or cycloid gears). The second / 55
    4
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    The rotary connection 58 is located between the passenger vehicle and the rotary arm 55 and essentially serves to bring the spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrically drivable propellers from the flight to the driving state and vice versa. Thanks to the rotary arm mechanism produced in this way, the passenger vehicle can also carry out any change of direction during flight operation - apart from a change in height, of course - while driving, which reduces the risk of incorrect operation of the passenger vehicle by the vehicle driver, since the vehicle driver always does the same in flight as well as driving can use the same control.
    Figure 6.1 shows the passenger vehicle in the forward or reverse driving or forward or reverse ready state. In this state, all four wheels 52 are essentially parallel to the main direction of travel, which also corresponds to the main line of sight of the vehicle driver.
    Figure 6.2 shows the passenger vehicle in a cornering or cornering ready state. This shows a state that can be achieved by four-wheel steering, but the steering also allows pure two-wheel steering, as is currently customary in motorized land vehicles - especially in automobiles.
    Figure 6.3 shows the passenger vehicle in a diagonally or diagonally ready state. In this state, all four wheels 52 are essentially parallel to one another, but they now show / 55
    WH-P3 / 2017 not in the main direction of travel but they are twisted to this direction. This driving condition enables the vehicle driver e.g. overtaking a vehicle without having to change its direction of view in relation to the vehicle, contrary to the usual overtaking with steering. FIG. 6.4 shows the passenger vehicle in rotation at the stand or in readiness for rotation at the stand. In this state, all four wheels 52 are aligned essentially tangentially to a circle which has its center in the center of the vehicle. This driving state enables e.g. a quick turn. Figure 6.5 shows the passenger vehicle in a transverse or ready to cross state. In this state, all four wheels 52 are essentially parallel to one another, but they now point not orthogonally but in the main direction of travel. This driving state enables e.g. easy parking in parking spaces at the edge of the road.
    Figure 6.6 shows the passenger vehicle in the transition from ready to fly to ready to fly and vice versa. The initial state for the transition from the ready-to-fly state to the ready-to-fly state is that already presented in FIG. 6.5. From this position, the rotating arms 55 rotate about their vehicle-side rotating connection 58. As a result, the vehicle lowers relative to the ground until it rests on the ground. If the rotating arms 55 are then rotated further, the spoke- and hubless wheels are lifted with integrated electrically drivable propellers, so that they are no longer in contact with the ground and into a / 55
    WH-P3 / 2017 ready to fly position can be rotated (see the
    Figures 6.7 and 6.8). The transition from flight to
    Driving state takes place in reverse order.
    Figure 6.7 shows the passenger vehicle with propeller position optimized for vertical flight in the flying or ready-to-fly state. The initial state for this is the transition state already presented in Figure 6.6. From this position, the spoke and hubless wheels with integrated electrically drivable propellers are rotated about the rotary connection 56 in such a way that the axes of rotation of the propellers 44 are essentially perpendicular. The center planes of the propellers 44 are essentially horizontal and - due to the lowering of the vehicle in relation to the propellers 44 indirectly described in FIG. 6.6 - is higher than the overall center of gravity of the vehicle. In principle, this creates a stable flight attitude.
    Figure 6.8 shows the passenger vehicle with propeller position optimized for horizontal flight in the main flight direction in the flying or ready-to-fly state. The initial state for this is the state already presented in Figure 6.7. From this position, the spoke and hubless wheels with integrated electrically drivable propellers rotate about the rotating connection 56 in such a way that the axes of rotation of the propellers 44 are no longer essentially vertical, but are inclined against the main flight direction of the passenger vehicle and thus in one optimal position for horizontal flight.
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    Note: The presented rotary arm mechanism also allows adapted propeller inclinations for other flight directions, which increases maneuverability, since this maneuverability is no longer dependent solely on the rotational speeds of the individual propellers. Depending on the actual design of the rotary arm mechanism, certain driving characteristics can also be adjusted while driving, e.g. through a possible lowering of the chassis.
    FIGS. 7.1 to 7.2 each show exemplary, schematic representations of possible positions of the electrically drivable propellers in relation to the outer contour of the spoke and hubless wheel and of the stator. However, only the outer contour of a wheel and a stator 60, which is located radially around the wheel axis of rotation 59, is shown here - in each case in an axonometric view and in elevation; this is the contour that is the furthest from this wheel axis of rotation 59 due to the points normally on the wheel axis of rotation 59 of the wheel and the stator is described. The outer contour axially in the direction of the wheel axis of rotation 59 is of no importance for the positions of the propellers in relation to the wheel and the stator which are to be clarified and is therefore not mentioned. Furthermore, the illustrations given serve only to exemplify some possible positions of the propellers in relation to the wheel and the stator, and they are therefore irrespective of the actual meaningfulness of these positions and regardless of the actual meaningfulness of the outer contour / 55 shown
    WH-P3 / 2017 underlying object structure, specified. This object structure here consists, for example, of a wheel with two tires 61 and the parts of the stator 62 which connect and surround these tires 61, the stator 62 containing a bevel 63 on its upper left side. Furthermore, the object structure consists of a propeller which consists of two rows of rotor blades, these rows of rotor blades each being represented as a rotor blade envelope 64. These are the envelopes that result from the rotation of the rotor blades 65 about their propeller axis of rotation 66.
    FIG. 7.1 shows exemplary schematic representations of the positions of the electrically drivable propellers in relation to the outer contour of the spoke and hubless wheel and of the stator. These positions corresponding to the claim of the invention are those positions in which all rotor blade envelopes 64 are completely surrounded radially about the wheel axis of rotation 59 by the outer contour of the wheel and / or the stator 60. This shows • Example a with a propeller whose axis of rotation 66 is rotated in relation to the wheel axis of rotation 59, • Example b with a propeller that is only surrounded by parts of the outer contour of the stator 62, but not by the outer contour of the wheel.
    FIG. 7.2 each shows exemplary, schematic representations of the positions of the electrically drivable propellers in relation to the outer contour of the spoke and / or not corresponding to the invention
    WH-P3 / 2017 hubless wheel and the stator. This the
    Layers not corresponding to the invention are those layers in which at least one rotor blade envelope 64 is not completely surrounded radially about the wheel axis of rotation 59 by the outer contour of the wheel and the stator 60. This shows • Example a with a propeller whose axis of rotation 66 is rotated in relation to the wheel axis of rotation 59, but in which the propeller is this time closer to the bevel 63. In the elevation, the situation appears as if all of the rotor blade envelopes 64 were completely surrounded radially around the wheel axis of rotation 59, but the floor plan additionally shown here (bottom right image) shows that this is in the area of the bevel 63 for the left of the two rotor blade envelopes 64 is not the case • Example b with a propeller whose
    Rotor blade envelope 64 from the outer contour of the
    The wheel and the stator 60 are not surrounded at all, • Example c with a propeller, the axis of rotation 66 of which is rotated in relation to the wheel axis of rotation 59 to such an extent that the rotor blade envelopes 64 protrude both on the left and on the right beyond the outer contour of the wheel and the stator 60. In principle, this position corresponds to the position already specified in CN104385843.
    Closing remarks
    The specific design of the spoke and hubless wheels with integrated electrically driven propellers is based on various criteria, such as / 55
    WH-P3 / 2017
    e.g. according to the specific application. Accordingly, the electrically drivable propellers 44 need not necessarily be designed for use in the air, but could also be designed for use in other media, in particular for use in water. This enables the invention to be used not only to create vehicles that are compatible with the existing land vehicle infrastructure and can travel both on land and in the air, but also to create vehicles that can do so on land and water ,
    Accordingly, the passenger vehicle presented in FIGS. 6.1 to 6.8 could also be equipped with spoke and hubless wheels with integrated, electrically drivable propellers optimized for water operation and thereby become a combined land and water vehicle, the locomotion in the water then being made by appropriately suitable propeller positions would be done. For example, achieved a forward movement by the propeller position shown in Figure 6.5.
    Note: The propeller positions for operation in water are possible regardless of the propeller optimization for a special medium, i.e. Irrespective of an optimization for the water operation, the passenger vehicle presented in FIGS. 6.1 to 6.8 can also move in the water if it is optimized for the air operation, if necessary (e.g. in case of an emergency watering), if not optimally.
    / 55
    WH-P3 / 2017
    Since the specific design of the vehicles which can be implemented by means of spoke and hubless wheels with integrated electrically drivable propellers also depends at least on the specific purpose, in addition to the personal vehicle presented in FIGS. 6.1 to 6.8, in principle numerous differently designed vehicles are still possible. In particular, these possible vehicles could be fitted with additional propellers - rigid, but also pivotable (see again the already mentioned WH-P1 / 2017 patent), extendable (see the WH-P2 / 2017 patent mentioned several times) o .dgl. - Equipped, as well as with wings (rigid, but also retractable, retractable or the like), or consist of suitable combinations of these configurations, so that the resulting vehicles would be maneuverable in the air, on land and also in water ,
    / 55
    WH-P3 / 2017
    LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
    1. camp Second axis Third Stand Off 4th rotor 5th permanent magnet 6th jacket 7th screw 8th. ring 9th screw 10th bearing shell 11th spacer 12th Component with electromagnetic effect 13th retaining ring 14th inner cladding 15th side ring 16th screw 17th Magnetic retaining ring 18th permanent magnet 19th jacket 20th rims coat 21st Component with electromagnetic effect 22nd retaining ring 23rd jacket 24th side ring 25th screw 26th friction surface 27th Component with a braking effect 28th retaining ring 29th screw
    / 55
    WH-P3 / 2017
    guide pin
    side ring
    Propeller coil ring
    screw
    spacer
    Radspulenring
    screw
    Caliper ring
    rim
    screw
    bearing ring
    camp
    tires
    Electromotive drive component
    propeller
    Verstrebungsring
    Verstrebungsring
    screw
    shaft nut
    cap
    screw
    holder
    wheel
    stator
    supply line
    rotating arm
    rotary joint
    holder
    rotary joint
    Wheel rotation axis / 55
    WH-P3 / 2017
    60th
    61st
    62nd
    63rd
    64th
    65th
    66th
    Outer contour of a wheel and a stator
    Outside contour of a tire
    Outer contour of a stator
    bevel
    Rotorblatteinhüllende
    rotor blade
    Propeller rotation axis / 55
    WH-P3 / 2017
    权利要求:
    Claims (18)
    [1]
    claims
    1. Spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driven propellers, consisting of a. at least one electrically drivable propeller (44), each in turn consisting of at least one
    i. one camp (1) ii. one rotor (4) consisting of a number of rotor blades iii. one number on Permanent magnets (5)
    b. a spoke and hubless wheel (52), again
    at least consisting of at least i. one Bearing (41) ii. one Mature (42) iii. one spoke and hubless rim (20)
    c. a stator (53), again at least consisting of at least
    i. a component with electromagnetic
    Effect (12) on at least one electrically drivable propeller (44) ii. a holding device (51) for attaching the stator (53) to an external object iii. a strut ring (45, 46), the one
    Propeller bearings (1) and a wheel bearing (41) directly and / or indirectly and which is directly and / or indirectly connected to the remaining parts of the stator (53) and constructed such that all rotor blades of the propellers (44) radially around the wheel axis of rotation are completely surrounded by the wheel (52) and / or by the stator (53).
    36/55
    WH-P3 / 2017
    [2]
    2. Spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrically drivable propellers according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrical energy required for generating the driving force of the electrically drivable propellers (44) can be supplied from an external object by means of an electrical supply line (54).
    [3]
    3. spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrically drivable propellers according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the rotation of the electrically drivable propellers (44) via an electrical supply line (54) can be controlled by an external object.
    [4]
    4. spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrically drivable propellers according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that by electromagnetic action between at least one permanent magnet (5) of an electrically drivable propeller (44) and at least one component with electromagnetic action (12 ) of the stator (53) causes the rotation of at least one electrically drivable propeller (44).
    [5]
    5. spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrically drivable propellers according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the spoke and hubless wheel (52) is electrically drivable by
    a. the spoke and hubless rim (20) contains a number of permanent magnets (18)
    37/55
    WH-P3 / 2017
    b. the stator (53) consists of at least one component with an electromagnetic effect (21) on the
    Permanent magnet (18)
    [6]
    6. Spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrically drivable propellers according to claim 5, characterized in that the electrical energy required for generating the driving force of the spoke and hubless wheel (52) can be supplied from an external object by means of an electrical supply line (54) is.
    [7]
    7. spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrically drivable propellers according to one of claims 5 to 6, characterized in that the rotation of the spoke and hubless wheel (52) via an electrical supply line (54) can be controlled by an external object.
    [8]
    8. spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driven propellers according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that by electromagnetic action between at least one permanent magnet (18) of the spoke and hubless wheel (52) and at least one component with electromagnetic effect (21) of the stator (53) causes the rotation of the spoke and hubless wheel (52).
    [9]
    9. spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driven propellers according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the
    38/55
    WH-P3 / 2017 spoke and hubless wheel (52) can be driven independently of all electrically driven propellers (44).
    [10]
    10. spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driven propellers according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the spoke and hubless wheel (52) is mechanically braked by
    a. the spoke and hubless rim (20) contains at least one friction surface (26)
    b. the stator (53) consists of at least one component with a braking effect (27) on the friction surface (26)
    [11]
    11. spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrically drivable propellers according to claim 10, characterized in that the energy required for generating the braking force of the spoke and hubless wheel (52) can be supplied by an external object by means of a supply line (54).
    [12]
    12. spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driven propellers according to one of claims 10 to 11, characterized in that the mechanical braking of the spoke and hubless wheel (52) via a supply line (54) can be controlled by an external object.
    [13]
    13. spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driven propellers according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that by the action of force between at least one friction surface (26)
    39/55
    WH-P3 / 2017 of the spoke and hubless wheel (52) and at least one component with braking effect (27) of the
    Stator (53) the mechanical braking of the spoke and hubless wheel (52) is caused.
    [14]
    14. spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driven propellers according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the spoke and hubless wheel (52) is mechanically braked regardless of its eventual drive.
    [15]
    15. Spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrically drivable propellers according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the spoke and hubless wheel (52) is designed to run purely in motion, that is to say neither has a drive nor a braking device.
    [16]
    16. Use of the spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driven propellers according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that it is connected to an external object by means of a holding device (51).
    [17]
    17. Use of the spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driven propellers according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the external object connected to it for the maneuverability of this object - including the spoke and hubless wheel connected to it integrated electrically driven propellers provides sufficient amount of energy.
    40/55
    WH-P3 / 2017
    [18]
    18. Use of the spoke and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driven propellers according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the external object connected to it for the maneuverability of this object - including the spoke and hubless wheel connected to it provides the necessary control for integrated electrically drivable propellers.
    41/55
    WH-P3 / 2017


    42/55
    Werner Holzer
    WH-P3 / 2017

    Werner Holzer
    43/55
    WH-P3 / 2017

    Werner Holzer

    44/55
    WH-P3 / 2017

    Werner Holzer
    45/55
    WH-P3 / 2017

    46/55
    Werner Holzer
    WH-P3 / 2017

    47/55
    Werner Holzer
    WH-P3 / 2017
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2019060933A1|2019-04-04|
    AT520463B1|2020-02-15|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    AT395567B|1990-03-09|1993-01-25|Lift Verkaufsgeraete Gmbh|ELECTRIC DIRECT DRIVE DEVICE FOR A VEHICLE WHEEL|
    DE10026732A1|2000-05-19|2001-12-06|Simon Reimers|Hubless electromagnetically supported dual rim, e.g. for motor cycles, has alternately conducting and non-conducting outer rim, sequentially activated inner rim drive magnets|
    DE102004063205B3|2004-12-23|2006-05-04|Julian Kuntz|Aircraft for transporting persons, has rotors/propellers with sheathings, which enable independent drive movement of aircraft on land according to function of wheel rims based on direct power transmission from aircraft to land|
    CN104369635B|2014-10-31|2017-11-03|蔡闯|A kind of air-ground amphibious vehicles|
    CN104385846A|2014-11-24|2015-03-04|中国计量学院|Wheeled propeller|
    FR3040689A1|2015-09-04|2017-03-10|Rcd Except|DRONE AEROTERRESTRE DELIVERY|
    US7032861B2|2002-01-07|2006-04-25|Sanders Jr John K|Quiet vertical takeoff and landing aircraft using ducted, magnetic induction air-impeller rotors|
    DE102012005055A1|2012-03-15|2013-09-19|Voith Patent Gmbh|Ship propulsion with a hubless propeller|
    CN106004233B|2016-06-23|2019-03-12|江苏振发控股集团有限公司|Wheel for amtrack|
    CN206277908U|2016-12-01|2017-06-27|吉林大学|A kind of electric automobile wheel position conversion device and land and air double-used electric automobile|
    CN106926638A|2017-04-26|2017-07-07|张越平|Integral type flight lift built-up wheel|CN109968931B|2019-04-23|2021-09-21|西安科技大学|Flying automobile|
    CN110395388A|2019-06-06|2019-11-01|王镇辉|The driving fan in edge, double status switching mechanisms and wing, VTOL aircraft|
    GB2586835A|2019-09-05|2021-03-10|Rallings Alan|Motor vehicles for use on the ground and in the air|
    CN111516443B|2020-05-08|2021-07-13|中国人民解放军陆军炮兵防空兵学院|Hollow wheel multi-rotor aerocar|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    AT601022017A|AT520463B1|2017-09-28|2017-09-28|SPOKE AND HUBLESS WHEEL WITH INTEGRATED ELECTRICALLY DRIVABLE PROPELLERS|AT601022017A| AT520463B1|2017-09-28|2017-09-28|SPOKE AND HUBLESS WHEEL WITH INTEGRATED ELECTRICALLY DRIVABLE PROPELLERS|
    PCT/AT2018/000076| WO2019060933A1|2017-09-28|2018-09-19|Spokeless and hubless wheel with integrated electrically driveable propellers|
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